Kilise babası Suriyeli Efrem’e atfedilen bir eserdir. Efrem,
306'dan 373'e kadar yaşamıştır. Eserin Efrem’le ilgisi yoktur. Sadece Süryanice
yazmıştır. Yunanca eserlerden oluşan çok geniş bir koleksiyon, yazarın Efrem
olduğunu söylendiği orta çağların el yazısı Yunanca kitaplarında bulunabilir.
Bunların çok azı aslında onun eserlerinin, hatta başka insanların Süryanice
eserlerinin tercümeleridir. Bu eserlerin çoğu bilinmeyen yazarlara aittir.
Latince el yazmalarında Efrem adı altında küçük bir Latince eser koleksiyonu da
bulunmaktadır. Yunanca eserle “Ephraim Graecus” Latince eserler “Ephraim
Latinus” olarak bilinir.
El yazmaları
Bibliothèque Nationale Français, Latince el yazması 13348;
Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève, ms. 80. Fol. 103r-104v; Vatican, Barberini lat.
671. Foll.167-171; St Gall, Stiftsbibliothek, ms. 108. Foll.2-10; Karlsruhe,
Landesbibliothek, ms. 196. Text starts on folio 24r, ends 29r.;
Paris, Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève:
https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b9068371j (15.09.2022).
Vatican, Barberini lat. 671:
https://digi.vatlib.it/view/MSS_Barb.lat.671
St Gall, Stiftsbibliothek;
https://www.e-codices.unifr.ch/en/csg/0108/2/0/Sequence-300
Biri Süryanice diğeri Latince olmak üzere iki ayrı belge günümüze
ulaşmıştır. TL Frazier, “Efrem'e atfedilen eser koleksiyonları birkaç dilde
mevcuttur, en büyük metin grubu Yunancadır. Süryanice ve Ermenice dışındaki
dillerde Ephrem'e atfedilen neredeyse tüm hayatta kalan metinler, Latin korpusu
da dahil olmak üzere bu Yunanca külliyattan türetilmiştir.
Caspari Carl Paul, “Briefe, Abhandlungen und Predigten aus den
zwei letzten Jahrhunderten des kirchlichen Altherthums und dem Anfang des
Mittelalters”, 1896; Daniel Verhelst, “Scarpsum de dictis sancti Efrem
prope fine”, in: R. Lievens (ed), Pascua Mediaevalia : studies voor Prof.
Dr. J.M. de Smet, Louvain, 1983, s.518-528; Grant Reid Jeffrey, “A pretrib
rapture statement in the early medieval church”, in: T. Ice & T. Demy
(edd.), When the trumpet sounds, Oregon 1995, pp.105-126, 454-5; Bernard
McGinn, “Visions of the End: Apocalyptic Traditions in the Middle Ages”,
1979. Chapter 4, pp.60-1, contains a translation of part of the work from
Caspari; Paul Jacob Alexander, “The Byzantine Apocalyptic Tradition”,
Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985, s.136; Terry Frazier, Gerrit
Jan Reinink, “Pseudo-Methodius and the Pseudo-Ephremian ‘Sermo de Fine
Mundi’”, In: R.I.A. Nip &c, Media Latinitas: A collection of essays to
mark the retirement of L.J.Engels, Steenbrugis, 1996, ss. 317-321; Georg Arnold
Anton Kortekaas, “The Biblical Quotations in the Pseudo-Ephremian ‘Sermo de
fine mundi’”, In: R.I.A. Nip &c, Media Latinitas: A collection of
essays to mark the retirement of L.J.Engels, Steenbrugis, 1996, ss. 237-244; D.
Hemmerdinger-Iliadou, “Éphrem latin”, in: Dictionnaire de Spiritualité,
vol. 4, Paris 1960, col. 815-819; Roger Gryson, “Répertoire général des
auteurs ecclésiastiques latins de l’Antiquité et du Haut Moyen Âge” t. 1,
A-H, Herder, 2007; Seeing Islam as Others Saw It, s.260-261;
Syriac Apocalypse of Pseudo-Ephraem
Translated from the text in Edmund Beck, ed., Des heiligen Ephraem
des Syrers Sermones III (CSCO 320; Louvain: Secrétariat du Corpus SCO, 1972),
60-71; see also 79-94 for Beck’s translation. The text is based on two
manuscripts: (1) Codex Vaticanus Sir. 566, and (2) Codex Dublinensis (Trinity
College) B 5.19. Editio princeps: Thomas Josephus Lamy, ed., Sancti Ephraem
Syri Hymni et Sermones (4 vols.; Mechliniae: H. Dessain, 1882-1902), 3:187-212.
https://pages.charlotte.edu/john-reeves/research-projects/trajectories-in-near-eastern-apocalyptic/pseudo-ephrem-syriac/ (15.09.2022).
…
A people will emerge
from the wilderness,
The progeny of Hagar,
the handmaid of Sarah;
Who hold fast to the
covenant with Abraham,
The husband of Sarah
and Hagar.
Set in motion, he
(Ishmael) comes in the name of the ram,
The herald of the Son
of Destruction.
A sign will appear in
the heavens,
The one our Lord spoke
of in His gospel:
Luminaries will shine
among the stars
And the light of His
face will gleam.
Rulers will quake and
tremble;
The forces arrayed by
them will fall.
The peoples of the
earth will be terrified
When they behold the
sign set in the heavens.
They will prepare for
battle and come together,
All peoples and
nationalities.
They will wage war
there
And the ground will be
drenched with blood.
The nations will suffer
defeat there,
A marauding nation will
prevail.
The marauders will fly
over the landscape,
Across plains and over
the peaks of mountains.
They will take women
and children as captives,
Also men both elderly
and young.
The best of the males
will be destroyed;
The most desirable
women will be removed.
With strong spears and
lances
They will impale
elderly men.
They will separate a
son from his father,
A daughter from the
side of her mother;
They will separate a
brother from his brethren,
A sister from the side
of her sisters.
They will slay the
bridegroom in his bedroom
And expel the bride
from her bridal chamber.
They will take a wife
away from her husband,
And slaughter her as if
she were a sheep;
They will cast an
infant away from its mother
And drive the mother
into captivity.
The child will scream
out on the ground:
Its mother hears, but
what can she do?
For it will be trampled
by the hooves
Of horses, camels, and
infantry!
She (tries to) turn
toward it, (but) they will not allow her;
The child remains
within the wild (?).
They separate children
from their mother
As the soul (is
separated) from the body.
She watches while they
divide them up,
Her beloved ones (taken
from) the embrace of her bosom;
Two of her children to
two (different) masters,
Her own self to still
another master;
She has been allocated,
and her children with her;
For they are now slaves
to robbers.
Her children cry out
with laments,
Their eyes burning with
tears;
She turns toward her
beloved ones,
The milk flowing forth
from her breast:
‘Farewell, my beloved
ones!
May God go with you!
The one who accompanied
Joseph
In (his) servitude
among foreigners:
May He accompany you,
my children
Into the captivity
where you are going!’
‘Farewell, our mother!
May God go with you!
The one who accompanied
Sarah
Into the palace of
Abimelech the Gadarite:
May He accompany your
own self
Until the Day of
Resurrection!’
The son will stand and
watch while his father
Is sold into slavery.
The eyes of both of
them will burn with tears
While they groan, one
in front of the other.
A brother will watch
while his brother
Is killed and cast down
on the ground,
Whereas he they drive
off into captivity
In order to serve among
foreigners as a slave.
They even put to death
mothers
Who are holding their
children to their breasts.
Bitter is the sound of
the infants
Who are groaning to
satisfy their desire (for milk).
They will prepare roads
in the mountains,
Highways in the middle
of the plains;
They will maraud until
the very ends of the created order.
They will establish
rule over the urban centers.
The provinces will
suffer destruction,
And they will multiply
corpses on the earth.
All peoples will be
brought low
Before the marauder
nation.
And once the peoples
have endured much on earth
And hope that now peace
has arrived,
They (the Ishmaelites)
start exacting tribute
And everyone will be
fearful of them.
Lawlessness will
intensify on the earth
And even obscure the
clouds;
Wickedness will enclose
the created order
And waft up like smoke
to the heavens.
Then since wickedness
will be rampant upon the earth,
The Lord’s wrath will
then stir up
Kings and mighty
armies.
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