Sözde Athanasius'un Kıyameti (yaklaşık 715-744)
Metin
İskenderiyeli Athanasius'a atfedilse de, gerçek yazarı bilinmemektedir.
Kitap
Pseudo-Athanasius'un Apokalipsi, Emevi Halifeliği döneminde 715 ile
744 yılları arasında yazılmış apokaliptik bir vaazdır. Çok popüler olan eser,
birçok Kıpti el yazmasında ve Arapça çevirilerde bulunmuştur. Metin büyük
olasılıkla hem Kıpti hem de Kıpti-Arap yazıları için bir etki oluşturmuştur ve
aynı zamanda Kıptilerin Müslümanların Mısır'ı fethine karşı tepkilerinin nadir
bir tanığıdır. İslami inanç pratikleri metinde yer almasa da, yazarın Kıpti
bakış açısı, ülkelerindeki temel tarihi değişikliklere ve halkın gündelik
yaşamına ışık tutmaktadır
Kıpti dilinde yazılmış ve dokuzuncu yüzyıla tarihlenen MS New York,
Pierpont Morgan Library – M 602 en eski ve en tamamlanmış el yazmasıdır.
Apocalypse 51v -76v fols elli bir sayfadan oluşur; Müslümanlar ve onların Mısır
üzerindeki yönetimi sadece 68v-73v'de mevcuttur. Ek olarak, iki pasaj vardır,
ancak daha sonra Michael ile ilgili olarak eklenmiştir. Pek çok aralık
oluşturan kodeksin zarar görmesine rağmen, el yazması tüm baskılar için temel
teşkil etmektedir.
Ps.-Athanasius. Apocalypse = Morgan Codex M602, fols. 52b-77b;
Martinez, ed./tr. Eastern Christian Apocalyptic, 285-411/462-555 (includes
edition of an Arabic version); Tito Orlandi, tr. Omelie copte (Corona Patrum 7;
Torino, 1981), 73-91; Thomas, David Richard; Roggema, Barbara; Sala, Juan Pedro
Monferrer (2009). Christian-Muslim Relations: A Bibliographical History
(600-900); Matheou, Nicholas S.M.; Kampianaki, Theofili; Bondioli, Lorenzo M.
(2016). From Constantinople to the Frontier: The City and the Cities. BRILL.
Apocalypse of Pseudo-Athanasius
Francisco
Javier Martinez (1985) Koptik ve Arapça Metinlerin tercümesi;
1. After these things, the
good God will become angry, because they had corrupted the definitions of the right
(faith) in the [consubstantial] Trinity. He will divide the kingdom the
[Romans], this wich […] since […] They had [… two lines missing…]/ (f.69va.)
and many countries, and He will crush their power because of His faith which
they had into two natures. And He will give the power to the kings of Persia
for a little while, and they will afflict the earth in their days, and put to
shame the sons of men, and do great impieties upon the earth in their days. And
God will see that the Persians had transgressed the Law, [and] that the impiety
of the inhabitants of the earth [had multiplied] beyond measure. [They will]
commit great sins in those [days, like] Sodom [and] Gomorrah.
2. [After these things, God] will take
from them […three lines missing…]/(f. 69vb.) a nation upon the earth, numerous
as the locust, namely, the fourth beast which the faithful prophet Daniel saw,
more terrible than all the (other) beasts which were before it, eating,
crushing, trampling the remainder with its feet. And that nation will come upon
the earth in its final days, and thresh and scatter all the kingdoms as the
wheat is threshed and scattered by the wind.
3. That nation will rule over many countries, and they will pay a
tax to it. İts is a brutal nation with no meryin its heart. İt does not have
pity on the elderly/ (f.7ra.) nor does it spare the youth, because the sins of
the inhabitants of the earth have greatly multiplied upon the earth before God.
And that nation will subdue, in a very shameless way, all the inhabitants of
the earth. İt will destroy them, maket hem into dust, and despoil them. As iron
subdues all things and pounds them out, in the same manner that nation will
destroy all countries, and they -under rigid control- will continue paying tax
to it.
4. For the yoke that nation is much harder than iron, and it will
make heavy its/(f.70rb) yoke upon all the inhabitants of the earth, being a
chastisement fort he sons of men on account of their sins, because their impieties
were very many, and their impieties higher than their heads. For this reason,
God has delivered them to the gentiles, to chasties them.
5. For indeed that nation is a hard nation, arrogant, merciless,
cruel. İt will wage war with many countries and despoil them, [and they] will
become subject [to it] and to its [power,] and conrinue to [pay tax] to it,
which is […] to them [….?]
6. Woe […] [Egypt…] [… on line missing…]/ (f. 70va.) and to
Bethania and to all the countries at that time! For it will afflict them very
much and maket hem into a desert, the Word of the Scripture having been
fulfilled upon them, “Woe to those who turned away fram God! A great misery
will befall them, fort hey did iniquity against Him”. It (i.e., that nation) will take their gold,
their silver, their bronze, their wheat, their wine and their oil, eveb their
garments and all their household stuff. They will [sell them] for its [taxes]. That
nation will [destroy] the earth [and make it] into a desert, like a bird’s [nast].
[…four lines missimg…]/(f. 70vb.] into a desert, and overturn them and destroy
them. And all these things God will bring upon the sons of men because of their
sins and their transgressions; especially, because of the sins of the priests
and the monks who will turn away at the end of time.
7. Woe to the earth and its inhabitants! For these are the labor
pains of the end. That nation will increase greatly, like the sand of the sea. And
many Christians, and Barbarians, and (people from) Basan and Syrians, and
(from) all tribes will go and join them in their faith, wanting to become free
from the sufferings that they will bring upon the earth. They will dwell in
many/ (f. 71ra.) countries and become the masters of them, and they will
inherit them. Their leader shall live in the city called Damascus, whose
interpratation is “the one which rolls down to hell”
8. Tehy will gather all the gold, the silver, the precious Stones,
the bronze, the iron, the lead, and the beautiful garments. The name of that
nation is “Saracen” one which is from the Ishmaelites. These ara the son of
Hagar, the maidservant of Abraham. These are the ones who will pass sentence
upon the whole earth in a disturbing manner, and make it into a desert. For,
they will rıle with a mighty rule, and they will take the/ (f. 71rb.)
possessions of many and maket hem miserable.
9. First, that nation will destroy the gold an which there is the
image of the Cross of Our Lord, Our God, in order to make all the countries
under its rule mint their own gold with the name of a beast written on it, the number
of whose name six hundred and sixty-six. Afterwards, they will be in in wnat
(even) of bread. And [many will sell] their sons [and] their [daughters,]
because [that nation …] [… on line missimg…]/(f. 71va.) Afterwards, they will
measure the whole earth, with the fields, and the gardens, and they will count
the cattle. They will do these things under some (other) pretexts, until they
find what they are looking for, namely, gold.
10. But at their end, they will do these things: they will afflict
the whole World with hard sufferings and many disturbances. They will chase the
strangers in the cities and the villages, and wherever they find them, and they will force
them [castin them] into prisons, for at that time, many [will leave] their
cities and their villages, [and go] abroad [because of] the hard sufferings] of
that [nation. Woe to the earth and its habitants! For on those days …] [… on
eline missing…]/ (f. 71vb.) misfortunes, those which will befall the earth. And
every man will be in the throes of death all the time.
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