Movses
Kaghankatvatsi/Movses Kaghankatuasi (ö.685)
Yazar
Movses'in çalışmalarından bahseden ilk
tarihçi, ona "Movses Daskhurantsi" olarak atıfta bulunan ortaçağ
Ermeni hukuk alimi Mkhitar Gosh'du.
Kitap
Sebeos Tarihi gibi, bu Movses'in eseri de,
başkaları tarafından çok seçkin yazarlardan biri olarak anılsa da, on dokuzuncu
yüzyılın ortalarına kadar bilinmiyordu. Bu el yazmasının bulunmasından bu yana,
kuzey kabileleri, özellikle de Aghwania veya Arnavutluk kabileleri üzerinde bir
otorite olarak görülüyor. Movses, Tarihin I. ve II. Kitabında Hazarların Trans kafkasya'yı
işgalini ve yedinci yüzyıla kadar olan diğer olayları anlatır. Tarihinin
III. Kitabı, yazım tarzı ve tarih bakımından öncekilerden farklıdır. Ardışık
yazar veya editörün, I. ve II. Kitapların yazarı olarak Kaghankatvatsi'nin (7.
yüzyıl) ve Daskhurantsi'nin olduğunu varsaymak yaygın bir durumdur. Kaghankatvatsi'nin
metninin editörleri ve Kitap III'ün yazarı olarak (onuncu yüzyıl).
Kaynakça
https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Asia/Armenia/_Texts/KURARM/41*.html
Movsēs Dasxuranc'i (1961). The History of the
Caucasian Albanians (translated by C. F. J. Dowsett). London: (London Oriental
Series, Vol. 8); Movsēs Dasxuranc'i (2010). The History of the Aghuans
(translated by R. Bedrosian). New Jersey.
The History
of the Aghwans
“Four years after the death of the great
Xosrov, king of Persia, his son Yazkert became king. The race of Hagar, an
alliance of twelve tribes, grew powerful, and approaching from a distant clime
in a bold and terrifying mass like a tempest blowing over the desert, they
crossed the land of Asorestan and swiftly marched against the king of the
Persians. Thereupon those generals and princes, lords and indigenous nobles of
the various regions subject to the kingdom of Persia recruited an army to march
against the foreign foe. At the time of these events, Varaz-Grigor, prince of
Albania, being himself a noble of the family of Artasir, saw his second son
Juanser to be brave, dignified and well-formed.
…
Slaying some at the very outset, he waxed most
valiant,for he knew that the Lord was with him. After a few days, in the month
of Mehekan, on Christmas Day, 30,000 cavalry and 20,000 infantry marched
against them. The sons of Hagar, coming from Katsan [al-Qadisiya] with a host
of cavalry and 2o,ooo infantry, sped forward with serried shields and began the
battle against the Persian army. The sparapet of Albania, however, entering the
fray with his brave men, struck down two of his opponents and withdrew with
three grievous wounds, while his steed was wounded in four places. The enemy
pursued him with frenzied hostility to the river where, still fighting back, he
jumped in and swam across. His clothes were smothered in gore and his weapons
in mud. Seeing that the nobles and soldiers were all of them mown down like grass,
he hurried away to the court of the king.
In the eighth year of Yazkerts the enemy rose
again and besieged the king in Ctesiphon for six months. General Xorazat and
the sparapet of Albania marched with their armies against the enemy. Lifting up
his eyes, the brave Juanser sallied forth with 3,ooo men, and driving them back
by his vigorous assaults, he crossed the river and did not permit them to cross
the Tigris for six months while the king was taken to the great Dastakert. In a
terrifying mass the enemy swarmed upon him, and from there they transferred the
king to Beklal; but the children of the south, resembling in their tremendous
violence the waves of the sea, streamed along in pursuit. Standing firm for a
few days, the sparapet of Albania did not cease to march against them and to
demonstrate his personal valour for all to see, and many a time did he bring
back and throw before the king the heads of the foreign foe. After this, while
the armies battled one against the other, the Lord visited the army of the Persians
with a cruel defeat at the close of their days, The command came from on high
and destroyed their kingdom.
…
And in the twentieth year of Yazkert the
Persian Empire was utterly destroyed, that is, in the thirty-first year of the
worldwide wars of the Hagarites and the fifteenth year of my lord Juanser. Thus did the Taciks (Arabs) invade the lands
of the north and east. They compelled the tribal chiefs to surrender the
fortresses to them and took their wives and children as hostages to safeguard
themselves against rebellion. When Juanser beheld the cruel scourge from the
south, he deceived them for a short time and then crossed to the other side of the
river, where his fearless heart flamed and burned to do battle with them again
and to deliver his father. But his father turned him from that design and
voluntarily submitted to the enemy. The most wise Juanser concluded a treaty
with the Armenian general and was encouraged to become a vassal of the Roman
emperor, and entering the brotherly union, he wrote to the king of Greece as
follows:
…
This was the sixth year of the kingdom of the
southerners to the land of Asorestan [Syria], for leaving the land of the
handmaid [Hagar] they established their seat of government in Damascus. He who
settled there began to suck the marrow of the land around him, and to him [the
caliph] were given strong and extensive powers, political wisdom, lenient
authority, and human kindness, and with these four qualities he ruled the four
corners of the earth. Seeing the emperor of the Romans rendered powerless and
weak by the king of the south, who consumed his populous markets and towns like
a flame, the great prince of the east Juanser was greatly concerned for his
kingdom.
…
When hedescended into the land of the
Asorestanis, he observed that theroyal governors of those provinces and the
leading citizen.s of the towns did him honour at the caliph's command, each in their several districts; horses were
prepared and hostelries ready right up to his arrival in great glory at the
court of the king. He commanded the grandees of his retinue to go before him
and lead the steed on which the king himself was mounted, and thus, in the most
dignified splendour, they entered the camp of the numerous concentrations of
troops. The multitude, hearing his illustrious name, thronged to see him on the
road. The king of the south gladly rose from his sleep at sunrise before his
customary hour and received the prince of the east with a friendly greeting,
being greatly pleased at his arrival. He
was received with a perfect welcome, and to not one of the governors of the
country were such royal honours accorded [by the caliph], especially when he
had savoured his intelligence and reason; for though lords and leaders of many
lands were there in his service, in none of them had he such sure confidence as
in Juanser, on whom, and on those wtth him, he bestowed very great gifts.
…
The King of the South again summoned the
praiseworthy Prince of the East, Juanser, with an invitation promising many
gifts to add to his previous honours and to increase his glory. For leading citizens
of the town of Byzantium had come to him to accept the yoke of tribute to the
sons of Hagar, and since eunuchs had undertaken to kill Constantine in the
thirtieth year of his reign, the king had ordered them to remain where they
were until the arrival of the prince of the east. The celebrated lord arrived
with his previous retinue and was welcomed with more reverence and esteem than
on the previous occasion, for [the caliph] commanded that the palace of his own
brother be prepared for his repose and that he be always seated with him at
table. He then ordered him to enter into peaceable negotiations with the
honourable gentlemen who had come from the imperial city. The king was greatly
amazed at his judicious and profound knowledge, and the ambassadors from the
kingdom of Greece were no less grateful to him, for he endeavoured in many ways
to advise the king to their advantage. After this, the king of the south
ordered the prince of the east to be honoured even more greatly, like a crowned
king, and presented him with that proud, well-trained, domestic beast from
India, the elephant, with which the courts of kings are adorned in
awe-inspiring magnificence.
…
Thenceforth the godly prince Varaz-Trdat's
authority grew daily stronger. He received the highest dignity (gah) from
the powerful and regal prince of the Taciks [Arabs], namely, that of governor (sahmanakal)
of the eastern regions and ruler of the whole kingdom of Albania and the province
of Uti, having subjected all to his authority and ruling happily, securely and victoriously
over his territories.
…
In the 62nd year of the southern kingdom of
the proud Muhammad, Varaz-Trdat, prince of Albania, conferred with his fellow
naxarars and the catholicos Eliazar and said: “The tribute imposed upon us by
the cruel people of Arabia (Tackastan) dangerously embarrasses us, while
the annual invasions of our country by the forces of the Huns are also terrible
calamities for us, for our country is plundered and weakened from both sides by
enemy attacks. Come, kinsmen and friends, let us choose a bishop from among those
of our land to make peace for us, so that he may go to them and by the grace of
God incline the minds of both countries to peace and lasting friendship in
order that we may henceforth no longer harbour hatred and enmity for them in
our minds.
…
The monastery of Mruv, dedicated to the Forty
Martyrs, close by in the same region and now held by the Arab.
The
monastery of Partaw, “The Holy Mother of God”, near the Tower of David; half is
held by a woman named Mariam from Samk'or, and half by the Arab.
The monastery of Kalankaytuk' in the same
region; at present half is held by a Christian named T'eodoros, an Arab, son of
Abraham, scribe of Abul Kami, from Aliovit, from [the town of] Zarisat, and
half by the wicked and evil Arab.
The monastery of Arçax, “The Mother of God”,
situated to the south of St. Stephen's, now wholly held by the Arab.
The monastery of Amaras, “St. Gregory”, half
of which is held by a woman called Grigorik, and half by the Arab.
The names of three other Albanian monasteries
seized by the Arab are not known. There is another monastery with the
monasteries of the Araweank' in the middle of the sûq now held by the Arab.
…
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